Low & High Level System Design
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Low Level System Design
Low Level Design Basic Building Blocks
Learn core LLD concepts like inheritance, association, composition, aggregation, with a quick quiz to test understanding.
SOLID Principles
Understand SOLID principles to design clean, scalable, and maintainable systems, with a quiz to reinforce concepts.
Creational Design Patterns
Learn object creation patterns like Factory, Builder, Singleton, and more, with a quiz to test understanding.
Structural Design Patterns
Learn patterns like Adapter, Decorator, Facade, and Bridge to structure flexible systems, with a quiz to test understanding.
Behavioural Design Patterns
Understand interaction-focused patterns like Command, Observer, State, and Strategy, with a quiz to test concepts.
LLD Topics
Pizza factory
Design a Pizza Factory system from requirements to diagrams, code implementation, and interview Q&A.
SQL Query builder
Design an SQL Query Builder from requirements to diagrams, code implementation, and interview Q&A.
Logger
Design a Logger system covering requirements, diagrams, code, and interview Q&A
Car Price Calculator
Design a Car Price Calculator from requirements to diagrams, code implementation, and interview Q&A.
Weather Station
Design a Weather Station system from requirements to diagrams, code implementation, and interview Q&A.
Ticket management system
Design a Ticket Management System from requirements to diagrams, code implementation, and interview Q&A.
Payment processor
Design a Payment Processor from requirements to diagrams, code implementation, and interview Q&A.
Elevator System
Design an Elevator System from requirements to diagrams, code implementation, and interview Q&A.
Car parking
Design a Car Parking system covering requirements, diagrams, services, logging, design patterns, and complete code implementation.
Introduction Video
Video - 00:00:55 mins
Use Case Diagram
Video - 00:3:44 mins
Class Diagram
Video - 00:6:07 mins
Class Diagram continued
Video - 00:5:30 mins
Services
Video - 00:9:57 mins
Parking Service
Video - 00:7:59 mins
Discussion on Parking Spots and Parking Service
Video - 00:8:13 mins
Activity Diagram
Video - 00:4:17 mins
Coding Part 1
Video - 00:34:45 mins
How to add Logging in the system
Video - 00:2:20 mins
Coding Part 2 (Adding Logging in the system)
Video - 00:6:03 mins
Implementing Parking pots using Decorator Design pattern
Video - 00:2:35 mins
Coding Part 3
Video - 00:12:12 mins
Requirements
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Identification of actors
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Use case diagram
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Class diagram
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QnA
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Activity Diagram
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Code
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Social media
Design a Social Media system from requirements to diagrams, code implementation, and interview Q&A.
WhatsApp
Design a WhatsApp-like system from requirements to diagrams, code implementation, and interview Q&A.
Amazon
Design an Amazon-like system from requirements to diagrams, code implementation, and interview Q&A.
PayPal
Design a PayPal-like payment system from requirements to diagrams, code implementation, and interview Q&A.
Assignment
Apply design patterns by implementing the Snakes and Ladders game end-to-end.
High Level System Design
High Level Design ( Building Blocks )
Learn core HLD concepts like scalability, consistency, caching, databases, real-time systems, and GenAI-enabled APIs.
What is HLD?
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Consistent Hashing
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Caching
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Load Balancing
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CAP Theorem
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Indexes
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Redundancy and Replication
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SQL vs NoSQL
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Data Partitioning
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Long Polling and WebSockets
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Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG)
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Quorum
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Gen AI-enabled API Systems
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TinyURL
Design a TinyURL system covering requirements, capacity planning, APIs, databases, caching, scaling, and testing.
Introduction
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Requirements & Goals of the System
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Capacity Estimations & Constraints
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System APIs
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Database design & Schema
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High-Level Design
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QnA
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Purging & Db Cleanup
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Database Partitioning & Replication
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Cache & Load Balancing
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Test
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Rate Limiter
Design a Rate Limiter covering requirements, capacity planning, APIs, data storage, caching, scaling, and reliability.
Introduction
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Requirements & Goals of the System
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Capacity Estimations & Constraints
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System APIs
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Database design & Schema
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High Level Design
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QnA
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Purging & Db Cleanup
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Database Partitioning & Replication
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Cache & Load Balancing
Reading
Typeahead suggestion (Google queries)
Design a Typeahead system covering requirements, capacity planning, APIs, data storage, caching, scaling, and reliability.
Introduction
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Requirements & Goals of the System
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Capacity Estimations & Constraints
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System APIs
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Database design & Schema
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High Level Design
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QnA
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Purging & Db Cleanup
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Database Partitioning & Replication
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Cache & Load Balancing
Reading
Pastebin
Design a Pastebin-like system covering requirements, capacity planning, APIs, databases, caching, scaling, and reliability.
Introduction
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Requirements & Goals of the System
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Capacity Estimations & Constraints
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System APIs
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Database design & Schema
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High Level Design
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QnA
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Purging & Db Cleanup
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Database Partitioning & Replication
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Cache & Load Balancing
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DropBox
Design a Dropbox-like system covering requirements, capacity planning, APIs, storage, caching, scaling, and reliability.
Introduction
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Requirements & Goals of the System
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Capacity Estimations & Constraints
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System APIs
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Database design & Schema
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High Level Design
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QnA
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Purging & Db Cleanup
Reading
Database Partitioning & Replication
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Cache & Load Balancing
Reading
Instagram
Design an Instagram-like system covering requirements, capacity planning, APIs, databases, caching, scaling, and reliability.
Introduction
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Requirements & Goals of the System
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Capacity Estimations & Constraints
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System APIs
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Database design & Schema
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High Level Design
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QnA
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Purging & Db Cleanup
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Database Partitioning & Replication
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Cache & Load Balancing
Reading
Messenger
Design a Messenger system covering requirements, capacity planning, APIs, databases, caching, scaling, and reliability.
Introduction
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Requirements & Goals of the System
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Capacity Estimations & Constraints
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System APIs
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Database design & Schema
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High Level Design
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QnA
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Purging & Db Cleanup
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Database Partitioning & Replication
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Cache & Load Balancing
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BookMyShow
Design a BookMyShow-like ticketing system covering requirements, capacity planning, APIs, databases, caching, scaling, and reliability.
Introduction
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Requirements & Goals of the System
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Capacity Estimations & Constraints
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System APIs
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Database design & Schema
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High Level Design
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QnA
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Purging & Db Cleanup
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Database Partitioning & Replication
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Cache & Load Balancing
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Uber/Ola
Design a ride-hailing system covering requirements, capacity planning, APIs, databases, real-time matching, scaling, and reliability.
Introduction
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Requirements & Goals of the System
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Capacity Estimations & Constraints
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System APIs
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Database design & Schema
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High Level Design
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QnA
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Purging & Db Cleanup
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Database Partitioning & Replication
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Cache & Load Balancing
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Newsfeed
Design a Newsfeed system covering requirements, capacity planning, APIs, databases, caching, feed generation, scaling, and reliability.
Introduction
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Requirements & Goals of the System
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Capacity Estimations & Constraints
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System APIs
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Database design & Schema
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High Level Design
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QnA
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Purging & Db Cleanup
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Database Partitioning & Replication
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Cache & Load Balancing
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Youtube/Netflix
Design a video streaming system covering requirements, capacity planning, APIs, storage, caching, scaling, and reliability.
Introduction
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Requirements & Goals of the System
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Capacity Estimations & Constraints
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System APIs
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Database design & Schema
Reading
High Level Design
Reading
QnA
Reading
Purging & Db Cleanup
Reading
Database Partitioning & Replication
Reading
Cache & Load Balancing
Reading
Purpose of the Activity Diagram
The activity diagram illustrates the sequence of steps involved when a user performs a transaction on PayPal. This includes logging in, selecting a payment method, processing the transaction, and receiving confirmation. It highlights the interactions between the user and the system, decision points, and alternate paths (like transaction failure).
Main Flow of Activities
Start
- The process begins when a user opens the PayPal application or website.
User Authentication
- The user logs in using credentials (email/phone + password).
- The system verifies the credentials.
- If login fails, the system prompts to re-enter or recover credentials.
Choose Transaction Type
Once authenticated, the user selects the type of transaction:
- Send money
- Request money
- Pay for goods/services
Enter Recipient Details
- The user enters the email or phone number of the recipient.
- The system checks if the recipient is registered with PayPal.
Enter Payment Amount
- The user specifies the amount to be sent.
- Optionally, a note can be added.
Select Payment Method
The user chooses from linked payment options:
- PayPal balance
- Bank account
- Credit/debit card
Validate Payment Details
The system validates:
- Available balance or card limits
- Currency compatibility
- Account restrictions (if any)
Decision: Is Validation Successful?
- Yes: Proceed to next step.
- No: Error is displayed, user is prompted to correct or try another method.
Confirm and Submit Payment
- The user confirms transaction details.
- The payment is submitted to the PayPal server.
Transaction Processing
- The system processes the payment.
- Deducts the amount from the sender.
- Credits it to the recipient’s account.
Generate Notification
- System sends transaction confirmation to both parties via email/SMS/app.
Transaction Completed
- Status is shown to the user with a unique transaction ID.
Visual Elements in the Activity Diagram
You can include these visual symbols in the diagram when drawing:
- Rounded ovals: Start and end points
- Rectangles: Actions like “Enter Amount”, “Confirm Payment”
- Diamonds: Decision nodes such as “Is Validation Successful?”
- Arrows: Flow from one activity to another
- Swimlanes (optional): To separate user actions from system actions